CN
Antagonist – A substance that inhibits a biological response. An estrogen antagonist blocks the action of estrogen in the body.
拮抗剂—— 一种抑制生物反应的物质。如：雌激素拮抗剂阻止雌激素在体内的作用。
Arrhythmia – An irregular heartbeat. Arrhythmias may be life threatening or benign in nature.
心律失常——心律不齐。心律失常在本质上可能是威胁生命的或良性的。
Atherogenic – Promoting the formation of plaque deposits on the walls of arteries.
促使动脉硬化的——促进动脉壁上斑块沉积的形成。
Atherosclerosis – A progressive cardiovascular disease characterized by the buildup of plaque deposits in the arteries. This may obstruct blood flow, causing heart attack or stroke.
动脉硬化——一种渐进性心血管疾病，其特征是动脉斑块沉积。这可能会阻碍血液流动，导致心脏病或中风。
Bacteriostatic – Inhibits the growth of bacteria. Bacteriostatic water contains ingredients that prevent bacteria from contaminating the liquid.
抑菌——抑制细菌的生长。抑菌水含有防止细菌污染的成分。
Contraindicated – Not advisable for use. A contraindication is a condition that would prevent someone from using a particular drug product.
禁忌——不建议使用。禁忌症是防止某人使用某一特定药物产品的一种条件。
Diabetogenic – Increases blood sugar.
致糖尿病的——增加血糖
Diastolic - The phase of blood circulation where the pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles) are being filled. Pressure is at its lowest during the diastolic phase.
舒张期——血液循环的一个阶段，心脏的泵腔(心室)正在被填满。在舒张期，压力处于最低水平。
Downregulate – To reduce in number. Some cellular receptors downregulate with high levels of drug stimulation, inducing tolerance. Anabolic/androgenic steroids generally do not cause a reduction in respective androgen receptor concentrations. Classic downregulation does not occur.
下调——减少数量。一些细胞受体对于高水平的药物刺激，其诱导耐受性下降。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇通常不会导致相应的雄激素受体浓度降低。不会发生典型下调
Edema – The retention of excess water in the circulatory system and/or body tissues.
水肿——在循环系统和/或身体组织中保留多余水分。
Endogenous – Occurring naturally within the body. Testosterone produced by the testes is an endogenous hormone.
内生——自然发生在体内。睾丸激素是一种内生激素。
Epiphyses – The growth plates at the end of long bones. The epiphyses plates regulate increases in linear height during development, and fuse at maturity preventing further linear growth.
骨骺——长骨末端的生长板。在发育过程中，骨骺调节线性高度的增加，并在成熟时融合，防止进一步的线性生长。
Erythropoiesis – The process in which red blood cells are produced in the body. Anabolic/androgenic steroids can stimulate erythropoiesis.
红细胞生成——红细胞在体内产生的过程。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇可以刺激红细胞生成。
Esterified – Refers to a steroid compound that has one or more fatty acids attached to the m
olecule, usually to slow its release from an injection site. Testosterone
cypionate is an esterified form of testosterone.
酯化——一种类固醇化合物，它有一个或多个脂肪酸附着在分子上，通常是为了减缓它从注射部位的释放。睾酮氰酸酯是一种酯化的睾酮。
Exogenous – Caused by an agent outside the body.
外源性的——由身体外的一种物质引起的。
Glycemic – Relating to blood sugar levels.
血糖的——与血液中的糖含量有关的。
Hepatotoxic – Liver toxic. All c-17 alpha alkylated anabolic/androgenic steroids are considered hepatotoxic.
肝毒素的——肝毒性。所有c - 17烷基化合成类固醇/雄激素类固醇都被认为是肝毒性的。
Homeostasis – A state of equilibrium among physiological processes.
稳态——生理过程中的平衡状态。
Hyperplasia – Growth that occurs via an increase in cell number.
增生——通过细胞数量增加而发生的生长。
Hypertrophy – Growth that occurs via increases in existing cell size. Anabolic/androgenic steroids produce growth through hypertrophy.
肥大——通过增加现有细胞大小而发生的生长。合成代谢/雄激素类固醇通过肥大而产生生长。
Metabolic Syndrome – A poorly defined common metabolic disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, an atherogenic lipid profile, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, a proinflammatory state, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
代谢综合症——常见代谢紊乱的一种定义，其特点是腹部肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、胰岛素抵抗、血压升高、炎症状态，以及心血管疾病的风险增加。
Multi-dose Vial – A vial with a rubber stopper on the top, designed to be pierced repeatedly by a needle (for multiple uses).
多剂量瓶——顶部有一个橡胶塞子的小瓶，被设计成可多次被针穿刺(用于多种用途)。
Pathological – Involving or caused by physical disease.
病理性的——由身体疾病引起的。
Peripheral – Near the surface of the body. Psychoactive drugs are often regarded as centrally acting (brain/central nervous system), while hormones like anabolic steroids affect both central and peripheral tissues (such as muscle and skin).
外围的——在身体的表面附近。精神药物通常被认为作用于中枢(大脑/中枢神经系统)，而像合成代谢类固醇这样的激素会影响中枢神经和周围的组织(如肌肉和皮肤)。
Prognostic – Serving to predict the likely outcome of a disease.
预后的——用于预测疾病可能的结果。
Pulmonary – Related to the lungs.
肺部的——与肺部有关的
Recombinant – Refers to a synthetic manufacturing technology that involves the splicing of genes or DNA segments and inserting them into a cell culture in order to replicate a specific protein. Recombinant DNA technology is used to manufacture many protein-based drug products including human growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and human insulin.
重组——一种合成制造技术，它涉及到基因或DNA片段的拼接，并将它们插入细胞培养液中，以复制特定的蛋白质。重组DNA技术用于制造许多以蛋白质为基础的药物产品，包括人类生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子和人类胰岛素。
Selective – Describes a drug with a very specific effec, and little spillover into other biological systems.
选择性——描述一种具有特殊效应的药物，会对其他生物系统产生微小的溢出效应。
Subcutaneous – Located beneath the skin and above the muscle.
皮下的——位于皮肤下方和肌肉上方的。
Supraphysiological – In excess of normal biological levels. High doses of testosterone produce supraphysiological levels of hormone in the blood.
超生理的——超过正常的生物水平。高剂量的睾丸激素会提高血液中肾上腺素水平。
Supratherapeutic – In excess of normally defined therapeutic levels.
超治疗——超过通常定义的治疗水平。
Systemic – Affecting the entire body through general circulation.
全身的——通过全身循环影响整个身体。
Systolic – The phase of blood circulation where the pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles) are actively pumping. Pressure is at its highest during the systolic phase.
收缩期——血液循环的阶段，心脏的泵心室(心室)正在积极地跳动。在收缩阶段，压力达到最高。
Upregulate – To increase in number. Usually relating to cellular receptor concentrations. Anabolic/androgenic steroids can increase respective androgen receptor concentrations, possibly increasing sensitivity to androgens.
上调——增加数量。通常与细胞受体浓度有关。合成代谢/雄性激素可以增加相应的雄激素受体浓度，可能增加对雄激素的敏感性。
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